SSC San Diego TD 3140, Aug 2002

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editors gratefully thank all the participants for their contributions in making this an informative and productive workshop. Appreciation is extended to Pat Early and Aldis Valkirs who provided meeting support and background material and to Chip Johnson and Ignacio Rivera–Duarte for editing support and information on copper loading. We would like to thank Wayne Hicks of Native Ameri-can Consultants, Inc., for making the workshop arrangements, obtaining the meeting facilities, and effectively coordinating logistics. The workshop would not have been possible without the encouragement and financial support of Dr. Three years after the First Office of Naval Research (ONR) Copper Workshop, the issue of the chemistry, toxicity, and bioavailability of copper (Cu) in the marine environment and its relationship to regulatory standards was reassessed in the course of a second meeting of the Navy user community , government regulators, and scientists. As in the first workshop, the invited participants offered a series of arguments that presented their particular experience and expertise on the issue of copper in an estuarine environment, be it that of a user, scientist, or regulator. Open discussion among all attendees was encouraged. After their presentations, users and scientists met separately to delineate and focus on the most salient issues in their category, with all participants being able to move freely between the two groups. The workshop concluded with the discussion leaders presenting each group's recommendations to all attendees and with a final discussion of issues by a panel of experts, prompted by questions from the assembly of attendees. The success of the second workshop may be measured by how closely it came to its original objectives, which were to • Define Navy copper issues, problems, and requirements • Define current status and future direction of Cu regulations • Further the understanding of the relationship between copper speciation, bioavailability, and toxicity • Determine the state-of the-science of the Cu free ion activity and biotic ligand models • Develop a consensus on the maturity of free Cu ion activity and complexation capacity measurement capabilities By almost any standard, the workshop must be considered a success. Navy copper issues were presented at length from both the ships' operational perspective, viz., the maintenance of operationally efficient ships' hulls, to the perspective of shore facilities charged with the application of copper-based coatings and their disposal and with managing both point sources and stormwater (see papers in this workshop report by …